How To Travel Cheaply | Travel and Leisure

May 12

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Posted by admin on 2012/05/29
Posted in Travel Video? | Tagged With: Cheaply, travel | 25 Comments

Expand the description and view the text of the steps for this how-to video. Check out Howcast for other do-it-yourself videos from Seaworthy and more videos in the Travel General category. You can contribute too! Create your own DIY guide at www.howcast.com or produce your own Howcast spots with the Howcast Filmmakers Program at www.howcast.com Just because you?re short on cash doesn?t mean you can?t see the world. To complete this How-To you will need: Patience to sniff out the best deals Willingness to rough it The ability to be flexible Budget travel guidebook Step 1: Use travel consolidators Use travel consolidators, on- and offline. They snatch up empty airline seats and unsold cruise cabins and resell them at a great discount. Sign up to receive information on last minute deals. Tip: Call hotels directly to see if you can negotiate a cheaper rate. Step 2: Consider youth hostels Consider youth hostels, especially in the more expensive cities around the world. You?ll sacrifice privacy, but you?ll save a bundle. Tip: If you live in a popular travel destination, consider swapping homes with someone. Step 3: Eat at street vendors Rely on street food vendors for most of your meals. Tip: If you like to eat out, make lunch your daily restaurant treat instead of dinner. Step 4: Check student travel rates Check out student rates on bus and rail passes. Tip: Be a ?voluntourist? in a country you?d like to visit. You?ll get to explore a new culture while helping out the locals ?
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Fukushima Radiation Finally Below "Cancer-Causing Levels ...

Residents of Japan may be able to breathe a sigh of relief as the World Health Organisation (WHO) recently announced that radiation levels in most of the country are ?below cancer-causing levels.? It has been 14 months since the earthquake and tsunami in Japan caused a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. The damage caused massive radiation leaks and forced the evacuation of thousands of people. At the time, the disaster was said to be worse than Chernobyl, but now the WHO report suggests that the contamination is not as bad as originally supposed.

As expected, areas near the plant still have relatively high levels of radiation, but radiation levels in surrounding regions are close to normal. The report states that two areas,?Namie town and Itate village, which were located near the plant in eastern Japan, were exposed to radiation levels of 10-50 millisieverts (mSv). The rest of Fukushima had radiation levels of 1-10 mSv.

Infants in Namie were thought to have received thyroid radiation doses of between 100 and 200 mSv a year. ?That would be one area because of the estimated high dose that we would have to keep an eye on,? according to WHO spokesman Gregory Hartl. ?Below 100 mSv, the studies have not been conclusive.? Most of Japan has levels of 0.1-1 mSv, while neighbouring countries have less than 0.01 mSv. The report also suggests that radiation levels outside of Japan are ?very small? and below?those regarded by the international radiological protection community as a concern.

To put these radiation levels into perspective, most people are exposed to around 2 mSv of radiation a year from the natural environment. For those working in nuclear plants, the single-year limit for occupational exposure is 50 mSv.?The report states that it has used conservative assumptions, and says some of the levels may have been overestimated so as to avoid any underestimation of the potential danger.

The BBC also reports that a UN scientific committee has announced that several workers at the plant have been ?irradiated after contamination of their skin.???Six workers have died since the accident but none of the deaths were linked to irradiation,? according to a statement based on interim findings by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation (UNSCEAR).

+ World Health Organisation

Via The Guardian / BBC

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Pakistan blocks Twitter over contentious tweets

ISLAMABAD (AP) ? Pakistan blocked the social networking website Twitter for much of Sunday because it refused to remove tweets considered offensive to Islam, said one of the country's top telecommunications officials.

The tweets were promoting a competition on Facebook to post images of Islam's Prophet Muhammad, said Mohammad Yaseen, chairman of the Pakistan Telecommunication's Authority. Many Muslims regard depictions of the prophet, even favorable ones, as blasphemous.

The government restored access to Twitter before midnight Sunday, about eight hours after it initially blocked access. It was unclear whether the government reversed its decision because of action by Twitter or because of public criticism it received for its censorship.

Yaseen said Sunday afternoon that Pakistan's Ministry of Information Technology had ordered the telecommunications authority to block Twitter because the company refused to remove the offending tweets. In contrast, Facebook had agreed to address Pakistan's concerns about the competition, he said.

The ministry informed Yaseen to restore access to Twitter Sunday evening, but he did not know what led to the decision.

Officials from Twitter and Facebook were not immediately available for comment.

A top court in Pakistan ordered a ban on Facebook in 2010 amid anger over a similar competition. The ban was lifted about two weeks later, after Facebook blocked the particular page in Pakistan. The Pakistani government said at the time that it would continue to monitor other major websites for anti-Islamic links and content.

Even when Twitter was blocked Sunday, many people based in Pakistan continued to use the website by employing programs that disguise the user's location. There was widespread criticism of the government's action by those on Twitter, who tend to be more liberal than average Pakistanis.

"Another cheap moral stunt by Pakistan," tweeted liberal Pakistani columnist Nadeem Paracha.

The 2010 Facebook controversy sparked many in Pakistan's liberal elite to question why Pakistanis could not be entrusted to decide for themselves whether or not to look at a website. Some observers noted that Pakistan had gone further than several other Muslim countries by banning Facebook, and said it showed the rise of conservative Islam in the country.

There were a handful of protests against Facebook back in 2010, often organized by student members of radical Islamic groups. Some of the protesters carried signs advocating holy war against the website for allowing the competition page to be posted in the first place.

____

Associated Press writer Sebastian Abbot contributed to this report.

Associated Press

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Attraction or repulsion? New method predicts interaction energy of large molecules

Attraction or repulsion? New method predicts interaction energy of large molecules

Friday, May 18, 2012

Krzysztof Szalewicz, professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Delaware, and Rafal Podeszwa of the University of Silesia Institute of Chemistry in Poland have developed and validated a more accurate method for predicting the interaction energy of large molecules, such as biomolecules used to develop new drugs.

The research is reported as a communication in the April 27 issue of the Journal of Chemical Physics, which is the most highly cited journal in atomic, molecular and chemical physics according to Thomson Reuters. The journal is published by the American Institute of Physics. Despite appearing at the end of April, the paper was on the list of the 20 most-read articles in JCP for that month.

If you think of two molecules as a couple on a blind date, the UD method more accurately predicts their potential for attraction or repulsion. Such interactions are known as van der Waals forces after the Dutch physicist who defined them and won the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics.

The UD method is expected to enhance existing theory by enabling scientists to more accurately calculate the energy of the van der Waals interactions between molecules located several angstroms apart, which is about one-millionth of the width of a human hair. Existing theory applicable to large molecules can model such interactions within only about one angstrom.

Szalewicz says the UD method of calculating the correlation between the motions of electrons in van der Waals clusters ? technically referred to as the "dispersionless density functional plus dispersion method (dlDF+D)" ? generates more accurate predictions for the interactions of large molecules than any other published approach. It is expected to have application in computational studies of clusters and condensed phases of matter, which include solids and liquids.

Szalewicz notes that some pharmaceutical companies, particularly in Europe, have established computational groups to predict various properties of drug molecules, in particular, the abilities of drugs to form different crystallographic structures called polymorphs.

Even the simplest drugs, such as Tylenol, have several polymorphs. If a different polymorph of a drug is crystallized in the production phase than the one intended, the therapeutic properties of this polymorph may be different and its application may even result in the death of patients, he says. The defense industry also increasingly is relying on computers to predict the properties of novel materials, such as bulletproof body armor.

"Better prediction of the properties of matter using computers is important to technological progress," Szalewicz says. "Better software and computers can give you a little edge in investigating nature."

###

University of Delaware: http://www.udel.edu

Thanks to University of Delaware for this article.

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